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For the unversed, Penile cancer is uncommon worldwide, making up less than one per cent of cancers in men. But India has the highest burden of this disease globally, with 16,677 new cases recorded in 2020. Most cases are a type called squamous cell cancer, which starts in the outer layer of skin. Caught early, surgery alone often cures it. However, the disease turns dangerous once it spreads to lymph nodes in the groin or pelvis, grows outside a lymph node, or forms a lymph node mass 4 cm or larger. In such cases, doctors give chemotherapy after surgery, called adjuvant chemotherapy, to try and wipe out any stray cancer cells left behind.