The injection device uses a small spring-powered syringe. A chemical reaction between citric acid and baking soda produces carbon dioxide, which pushes the syringe and releases the medication. In a test, researchers guided a cyborg cockroach through three checkpoints before it reached a simulated target. When the insect was within 150 millimetres of the target, the injection system achieved a success rate of about 95 per cent. Across the complete task, the success rate was 72 per cent.
