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Karnataka is facing a growing public health challenge as thousands of people remain unaware that they are living with HIV, raising concerns about delayed diagnosis and continued transmission. According to the latest National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) report, the state has the third-highest number of people living with HIV in India, with around 2.6 lakh HIV-positive individuals. Of these, nearly 2.05 lakh are receiving antiretroviral therapy, leaving more than 54,000 people unaware of their HIV status and therefore not receiving life-saving treatment.