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From October 15, eligible person-to-merchant transactions above ₹2,000 will attract an MDR of 0.4%, subject to a cap of ₹300. Person-to-person transactions remain outside the framework, while specified categories such as fuel, insurance, telecom and railway payments have a flat ₹5 charge. Smaller merchants receiving up to ₹1 lakh a month through UPI QR are also exempt.