The 26 countries included in the study, were Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Philippines, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom and the United States. Of these, Ronaldo supporters, and the corresponding conservative association, lit up across 11 countries – particularly North Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. On the other hand, Messi and the liberal lot maintained stronghold over 8 countries with a strong preference being registered across Argentina, several Western European countries, the United States, Canada and South Korea.
